Your Digest for Thursday, Apr 04, 2024 09:59 PM


Evaluation of haematuria

Commonest benign causes:

Need to exclude malignancy.
Investigations


CO poisoning increases Alveolar arterial O2 gradient.
No vasoconstriction in CO poisoning.

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PityriasisVersicolor.png


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[!INFO] more info about sleep stages
REM sleep is non considered "restful" sleep. Brain metabolism increases and EEG is similar to an awake individual. REM Sleep disorder has impaired muscle atonia so that people act out dreams.
Sleep walking (somnambulism) is a disorder of NON-REM sleep.


  1. peripheral oedema.
  2. Other associations

Source
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Part Blood supply Contents Symptoms
Anterior limb Mainly LS branches of MCA Frontopontine fibers
Anterior thalamic radiation
Confusion, agitation, dysarthria
Genu LS branches of MCA Corticobulbar tracts (i.e descending tracts to the cranial nerve nuclei)ra Deficiencies of facial expression, swallowing and mastication
Posterior limb LS Branches of MCA
Anterior Choroidal artery (branch of ICA)
1. Descending motor tracts in anterior half,
2. ascending sensory relays in posterior 1/3
Pure motor stroke
Mixed sensory motor stroke
  1. hemianopic visual loss (is an anterior circulation symdrome! not posterior circulation)

[!INFO] Recurrent artery of Huebner

The Recurrent artery of Heubner is a penetrating branch of ACA arising from the A1-A2 junction or proximal A2. It supplies parts of the internal capsule and caudate nucleus. The occlusion of the Recurrent artery of Heubner produces opposite site faciobrachial MONOPARESIS* due to the internal capsule involvement.Source

  1. Language comprehension
  2. Understanding social cues
  3. Emotional regulation -> possibly due to involvement of the amygdala which is located in the medial temporal lobe.

Lactose intolerance

It is the most common cause of lactase deficiency, also known as lactase non-persistence. There is a gradual decline in lactase enzyme activity with increasing age. Enzyme activity begins to decline in infancy, and symptoms manifest in adolescence or early adulthood.




[[2020-NOV-BasicSciences#Lactose intolerance|Lactose Intolerance]]